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The complex travels through the small intestine until it reaches the terminal ileum, where specialised receptors called cubam (a complex of cubilin and amnionless proteins) recognise and facilitate the uptake of the B12-IF complex into enterocytes (intestinal cells)

These cells enhance oxidative stress and ferroptosis, exacerbating disease progression (86)

But, what are the consequences of this amplified oxidative stress and peroxynitrite production if it continues

S2CID 21893726

Build Better Biology Peptide Stacks at Prefusion Health are designed for people who want clarity, structure, and measurable progress

doi:10.1007/s10620-012-2033-7 Yamini D, Pimentel M