observed that, in vitro, exendin-4 may promote neurite outgrowth via both the ERK MAPK and the PI3K signaling pathways and may be able to rescue degenerating neurons [77]
The substantial gap between preclinical evidence and clinical validation represents the primary limitation for evidence-based clinical use
and the lack of uniform outcomes, and it is still necessary to conduct in-depth studies with large sample sizes and unified standards to further classify and explore its role and mechanism
Intranasal administration offers a middle ground
For patients managing Hashimotos, GLP-1 therapy can offer advantages beyond the scale
The most common adverse events are gastrointestinal system and include oily spotting, flatus with discharge, diarrhea, fecal urgency, and vitamin malabsorption (207)